The Role of Occupational Therapy in Autism

Autism, a developmental disorder typically diagnosed around age 3, impacts brain functions,
particularly those governing social behavior and communication skills. The US National Institute
of Child Health and Human Development employs the term “autism spectrum disorders” to
encompass a range of conditions, including autistic disorder (commonly referred to as “classic
autism”), Asperger’s syndrome, and non-pervasive developmental disorders, otherwise
specified (also known as “atypical autism”). However, the term “autism” is commonly used in
literature to denote all autism spectrum disorders.

What is the purpose of occupational therapy for individuals with autism?

Occupational therapy services are centered on enhancing an individual’s engagement in daily
activities, spanning routine tasks like feeding and dressing, instrumental activities such as
community navigation and adhering to safety rules, participation in education, work, leisure,
play, and social interactions. Tailored to the specific needs and goals of the individual with
autism spectrum disorder, these services encompass assessment, intervention, and outcome
measurement.

Occupational therapy for those with autism involves collaboration with the individual, their
family or caregivers, teachers, and other supporters. This collaborative effort aims to gain
insight into the person’s daily experiences and interactions. Occupational therapy services
prioritize personal development, quality of life, and family needs.

The assessment process in occupational therapy seeks to comprehend everyone’s abilities,identifying strengths and weaknesses in their daily activities. The intervention process, derived
from assessment results, is personalized to incorporate diverse strategies and techniques.These interventions aim to empower clients, enabling increased participation in daily activities
across home, school, work, and community settings. Successful outcomes in occupational therapy are evidenced by enhanced performance or adjustment, heightened participation in meaningful daily activities, personal satisfaction, improved health and well-being, and successful transitions to new situations and roles. Regular measurements assist the individual, their family, and the broader team in acknowledging success and refining intervention priorities as needed.

Occupational therapists aid individuals with autism in adapting tasks and situations to align with
their needs and abilities. This support may involve environmental adjustments to reduce
external distractions, identification of specially designed computer software for communication
facilitation, or recognition of the skills necessary to complete specific projects.

How do occupational therapists specifically assist?

• Assessment of Developmental Skills: Occupational therapists conduct assessments to evaluate whether individuals have acquired essential developmental skills in areas such as self-
  care, play, and leisure.
• Sensory Intervention: They provide targeted intervention to help individuals process and respond to sensory information effectively. This intervention may encompass developmental
  activities, sensory integration, sensory processing techniques, and play activities.
• Facilitation of Play Activities: Occupational therapists actively facilitate play activities that aid children in interacting and communicating with others.
• Movement Strategies: Occupational therapists work on developing strategies to assist individuals and their families in identifying safe methods of movement within the community.
• Identification, Development, or Adaptation of Daily Activities: They identify, develop, or adapt work and other daily activities that hold personal meaning for the individual.